Grammar :Articles:
By Ms. M.
An English teacher
A-We use (the) when:
1- We think of a specific thing (Tim sat down on the chair nearest the door.
2-there is only one of something e.g. the sun\moon\equator\earth.
3-we say :the sky\the sea\the ground\the country\the environment\the same\the cinema
\the theatre\the radio.
4-a specific type of animal or a thing e.g.(the giraffe is the tallest of all animals.
The young the disabled the deaf the elderly the unemployed
The homeless the blind the injured the rich the old
5-We use the+ adjective without a noun to talk about a groups of people:
6-With the ****s of some countries\seas\rivers\oceans\canals\deserts\mountain ranges:
The Czech Republic the Netherlands the United Kingdom the Philippines
The Atlantic Ocean the Mediterranean Sea the Nile
The Suez Canal the Channel the Sahara Desert the Alps
7-Some famous places\ regions\newspapers and organizations :
The White House the Kremlin the Pentagon the Sheraton Hotel
The Middle East the Far East the south-east of the north of
The Red Cross the European Union the B.B.C
B-We don’t use( the )when:
1-With the ****s of meals( breakfast ,lunch, dinner)
2-with the words (bed, work ,home)
3-with the words(school, prison, college , university, church, hospital)when we think of them as general ideas.
4-We are talking about things or people in general e.g.(I don’t like dogs)
5-We say most people \most books\most cars (not the most books)
6-****s of universities \airports\streets\parks\airlines:
Harvard University Buckingham Palace Wall Street
Manchester Airport Hyde Park Sydney Harbour
Reading List
A-Language Awareness :
1-English Grammar in Use. Raymond Murphy.
2-Understanding and Using English Grammar .Betty Azar.
3-Advanced Vocabulary & Idiom. B J Thomas
4-New Person to Person. Communicative Speaking and Listening Skills. Jack C. Richard ,David Bycina, Sue Brioux.
5-Reading Power .Beatrice S., Linda Jeffries.
6-Essential Idioms in English. Robert J. Dixson.
7-Better English Pronunciation . J. D. O'Connor.
8-Writing in English .Anita Pincas.
9-New Interchange .English for International Communication. Jack C. Richards.
10-English Vocabulary in Use. Michael McCarthy. Felicity O'Dell.
B-Teaching English:
1- How to Teach English . Jeremy Harmer.
2-A Course in Language Teaching. Penny Ur.
3-Techniques in Teaching Writing . Ann Raimes.
4-Essential Speaking Skills. Joann Westrup.
5-Teaching English As a Foreign Language. Ali Abu.Ghararah
6-Internet For English Teaching. Mark Warschauer.
C-Publishers:
1-Longman:ELT Connection9http:\\www.aw-elt.com)
2-Oxford University Press ELT:http://www.oup.com\elt\
3-Cambridge University Press ElT:http://www.cambridge.org\elt.
D-Dictionaries:
1-Longman Active Study Dictionary.
2-Collins English Dictionary.
3-Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary.
4-Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching &
Applied Linguistics .
